NEWS

fiber:

1) Fiber

People often refer to fiber materials whose length is more than a thousand times larger than the diameter and have a certain degree of flexibility as fibers. The thickness and length of the fibers are important factors that determine the feel of the fabric. Thick fibers give the fabric a stiff, thick feel and are resistant to compression. The shorter the fiber, the rougher the fabric, and the easier it is to pill, but it has a rough mineral style. The fine fibers give the fabric a soft, thin feel. The longer the fiber, the smoother the yarn and the less pilling it will have.
2) Types of fibers
A: Natural fibers (obtained directly from nature)
Plant fibers: such as cotton and linen.
Animal fiber: obtained from animal hair, such as wool.
Silk obtained from animals, such as silk.
B: Synthetic fibers (obtained through chemical treatment and injection spinning.)
Such as: acrylic, polyester, nylon, etc.
Fibers can only become clothing fabrics after being woven, and the first step is to spin them into yarn.
Yarn
1. Yarn is composed of fibers with moving strength and fineness, and can be processed into materials of any length. It is the basic unit of fabric.
2. Yarn fineness expression (imperial system): refers to how many 840 yards (one yard is equal to 0.941 meters) of cotton yarn weighing one pound (454 grams) when the moisture regain is specified, which is how many feet of yarn. It can be simply It is pronounced as "a few yarns", and the unit is represented by "S". The larger the number in front of S means the finer the yarn, the lighter, thinner and softer the woven fabric. The smaller the number, the coarser the yarn, and the heavier, thicker, and rougher the fabric is.
The following introduces the characteristics of fabrics made of three different materials: cotton, wool, and polyester.
Cotton
: (seed fiber) can be said to be the most widely used clothing fiber in the world. It is a fiber obtained from cotton seeds, which is processed by picking, ginning, carding, striping, combing, woolen spinning, worsted spinning into cotton yarn and then spinning the cotton yarn into cotton cloth.
1) Advantages:
Strong hygroscopicity - cotton fiber is a porous material, the internal molecular arrangement is very irregular, and the cut molecules contain a large number of hydrophilic structures.
Warmth retention - fiber is a poor conductor of heat. The inner cavity of cotton fiber is filled with stagnant air, making it comfortable to wear - it does not generate static electricity, has good breathability, is anti-allergic, and is easy to clean.
2) Disadvantages:
Easy to wrinkle - cotton fiber has poor elasticity.
Large shrinkage rate - cotton fiber has strong water absorption. When it absorbs water, the cotton fiber expands and the printed cotton fiber shrinks and deforms.
Size before washing - size after washing.
Attached calculation method: shrinkage rate = * 100%
size before washing.
Generally, the acceptable shrinkage range of knitted clothing is +5%.
Mildew - in a humid state, if bacteria and fungi are encountered, Cotton fibers break down into their favorite nutrient, glucose, causing the fabric to become moldy and deteriorate. If cotton fiber is exposed to sunlight for a long time, its strength will be reduced and the fiber will become brittle. For example, oxidants, bleaching powder or other oxidative dyes will also reduce the strength of the fiber and make the fiber brittle and hard.
3) Washing method:
1. It can be machine washed or hand washed, but due to the poor elasticity of the fiber, it is best to wash it lightly or not to wash it by hand vigorously to avoid deformation of the fabric and affecting the size.
2. Wash cotton fabrics with cold water at the end to maintain their original color. Except for white cotton fabrics, it is best not to use detergent or washing powder containing bleaching ingredients on shirts of other colors to avoid discoloration. Do not pour washing powder on cotton fabrics. , to avoid local discoloration.
3. Wash dark-colored shirts and light-colored shirts separately.
4. Drying clothes: After taking off clothes, they should be quickly and flatly hung to dry to reduce wrinkles.
5. Ironing: High temperature resistance, you can iron at high temperatures up to 200 degrees Celsius. It can not only remove dust from woolen fabrics, but also restore the original fluffy appearance of woolen fabrics. Woolen clothing should be given a period of rest between each wear to maintain its appearance. If the wool clothing has been deformed, you can hang it in a place with hot steam or spray a little water to restore its shape. It is not suitable to machine wash, because the wool will accelerate its felting when it is exposed to force. It should be washed by hand at 30-40 degrees warm water and never bleached. Bleached woolen fabrics will turn yellow.
4) Drying:
Gently squeeze out the water after washing. Do not twist and dry. It is best to lay it flat or hang it to dry to avoid deformation. Do not dry
5) Ironing: General wool does not need to be ironed. If necessary, you can iron it with medium-temperature steam. Attachment: Alpaca wool is basically the first sheared wool of a lamb less than one year old. It is lighter than ordinary wool. Warm and soft.
Polyester (synthetic fiber)
Polyester (synthetic fiber); synthetic fiber is made of polymer compounds, polyester is one of them, and it can also be called polyester fiber. Advantages: high strength, strong wear resistance, good force, and strong heat resistance.
Disadvantages: lack of hydrophilic structure between the points, so hygroscopicity is extremely poor, and breathability is also poor. Fabrics woven from it will cause hair loss when worn on the body. Stuffy and airtight.
In addition, because the fiber surface is smooth, the cohesion between each other will become worse, so the friction will cause fluff. Knot balls.